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Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NO<i>xi>

Junhua LI,Yue PENG,Huazhen CHANG,Xiang LI,John C. CRITTENDEN,Jiming HAO

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 413-427 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0832-3

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH is an effective technique to remove NO from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V O -based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.

Keywords： flue gas     DeNO<i>xi>     SCR catalyst     poison and regeneration    

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Algae (

Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1276-3

Abstract: examined the toxicity of MPs alone, and their effect on the toxicity of lead (Pb) on Ceriodaphnia dubia (C.Pb concentration and the intake of Pb-loaded MPs, both of which increased the accumulation of Pb in C.

Keywords： Microplastic     Lead     Toxicity     Algae     <i>C. dubiai>    

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Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

,Arturo COLÍN C.,Víctor SÁNCHEZ-MENDIETA,Ricardo VALDIVIA B.,Alfredo SANTANA D.,José HUERTAS C.

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 301-305 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0344-z

Abstract:

This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine. Several tests using a plasma device to treat exhaust gases are conducted on a Honda GX200-196 cm3 engine at different rotational speeds. A plasma reactor could be efficient in degrading nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Monoxide and carbon dioxide treatment is minimal. However, achieving 1%–3% degradation may be interesting to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.

Keywords： plasma treatment     NO<i>xi>     CO     CO2     particulate matter     vehicle    

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High <i>Sni>-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review Review

Jun Jin, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo Wang, Casimir C. Akoh

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 424-431 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.009

Abstract:

The normal development and maintenance of central neural functions are highly correlated with the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; ω-3 fatty acid) accumulated in the brain. DHA incorporated at the sn-2 position of lipids is well absorbed by intestinal mucosa and utilized efficiently in vivo. However, modern consumers have a reduced direct intake of DHA and increased intake of saturated fats or ω-6 fatty acid oils, resulting in behavioral and neurophysiological deficits. To provide an understanding of the integrated beneficial effects of DHA on the human brain, this review introduces the positional difference (sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions) of DHA on a glycerol skeleton in natural fats and oils, and further discusses the possible functional mechanism regarding DHA supplementation and the gut-brain axis. The multiple bidirectional routes in this axis offer a novel insight into the interaction between DHA supplementation, the gut microbiota, and brain health. To achieve high sn-2 DHA in diets, it is suggested that sn-2 DHA lipids be enzymatically produced in more efficient and economical ways by improving the specific activities of lipases and optimizing the purification procedures. These types of diets will benefit individuals with strong needs for sn-2 ω-3 lipids such as infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women.

Keywords： Docosahexaenoic acid， Sn-2 docosahexaenoic acid，Monoacylglycerol，Brain，Gut-brain axis，Structured lipid    

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Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Christine C. Nguyen, Cody N. Hugie, Molly L. Kile, Tala Navab-Daneshmand

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1129-0

Abstract:

<i>P. aeruginosai> and <i>E. colii> are commonly

Keywords： Zinc     Cadmium     Copper     Lead     <i>E. colii>     <i>P. aeruginosai>    

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Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

MURRAY,Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ,Enos C. INNISS,Frank G. HEALY,Adria A. BODOUR

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 39-49 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0699-0

Abstract: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide (H O ), ozone (O ) and mixed

Keywords： well rehabilitation     aquifer     biofouling     hydrogen peroxide     sustainability    

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Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of <i>Sni>-2 Palmitate: A Review Review

Wei Wei, Cong Sun, Xiaosan Wang, Qingzhe Jin, Xuebing Xu, Casimir C. Akoh, Xingguo Wang

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 406-414 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.008

Abstract:

Human milk fat (HMF) is an important source of nutrients and energy for infants. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) account for about 98% of HMF and have a unique molecular structure. HMF is highly enriched in palmitic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone (more than 70%) and in unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position. The specific TAG structure in HMF plays a valuable function in infant growth. Sn-2 palmitate (mainly 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol) is one of the structured TAGs that is commonly supplemented into infant formula in order to enable it to present a similar structure to HMF. In this review, the development of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate over the last 25 years are summarized, with a focus on reaction schemes in a laboratory setting. Particular attention is also paid to the commercialized sn-1,3 regioselective lipases that are used in structured TAGs synthesis, to general methods of TAG analysis, and to successfully developed sn-2 palmitate products on the market. Prospects for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate are discussed.

Keywords： Structured triacylglycerols，Palmitic acid，Human milk fat substitutes，Lipase-catalyzed reaction，<i>Sni> palmitate，Quantitative analysis    

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Atomistic simulations of plasma catalytic processes

Erik C. Neyts

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 145-154 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1674-7

Abstract: There is currently a growing interest in the realisation and optimization of hybrid plasma/catalyst systems for a multitude of applications, ranging from nanotechnology to environmental chemistry. In spite of this interest, there is, however, a lack in fundamental understanding of the underlying processes in such systems. While a lot of experimental research is already being carried out to gain this understanding, only recently the first simulations have appeared in the literature. In this contribution, an overview is presented on atomic scale simulations of plasma catalytic processes as carried out in our group. In particular, this contribution focusses on plasma-assisted catalyzed carbon nanostructure growth, and plasma catalysis for greenhouse gas conversion. Attention is paid to what can routinely be done, and where challenges persist.

Keywords： atomic scale simulation     plasma-catalyst    

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A simple, azulene-based colorimetric probe for the detection of nitrite in water

Lloyd C. Murfin, Carlos M. López-Alled, Adam C. Sedgwick, Jannis Wenk, Tony D. James, Simon E. Lewis

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 90-96 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1790-7

Abstract: We describe the synthesis and evaluation of an azulene-based chemodosimeter for nitrite. The probe was found to undergo two distinct color changes upon introduction aqueous nitrite ion. A near-instant formation of a grey color provides a qualitative indication of the presence of nitrite, followed by the formation of a deep-yellow/orange color, the endpoint from which quantitative data can be derived. The azulene probe exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry of reaction with nitrite in water, and is selective for nitrite over other anions. The azulene probe was applied to determine nitrite content in cured meat, and compared with the British Standard testing procedure (Griess test). The value obtained from the azulene-based probe agreed closely with the standard test. Our procedure only requires the preparation of one standard solution, instead of the three required for the standard Griess test.

Keywords： azulene     nitrite     diazoquinone    

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Dual enzyme activated fluorescein based fluorescent probe

Gardiner, Adam C. Sedgwick, Xiao-Peng He, Steven D. Bull, Tony D. James

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 117-121 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1785-9

Abstract: A simple dual analyte fluorescein-based probe ( ) was synthesised containing -glucosidase ( -glc) and hydrogen peroxide (H O ) trigger units. The presence of -glc, resulted in fragmentation of the parent molecule releasing glucose and the slightly fluorescent mono-boronate fluorescein ( ). Subsequently, in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx), the released glucose was catalytically converted to D-glucono- -lactone, which produced H O as a by-product. The GOx-produced H O resulted in classic H O -mediated boronate oxidation and the release of the highly emissive fluorophore, fluorescein. This unique cascade reaction lead to an 80-fold increase in fluorescence intensity.

Keywords： chemosensors     dual-activation     GOx     fluorescence     <i>βi>-glucosidase     molecular logic    

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Comments on the special issue of

Neil C. TURNER

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 254-255 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017156

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Special issue on “Fluorescent probes”

Adam C. Sedgwick, Tony D. James

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1910-4

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Uncertainty propagation analysis by an extended sparse grid technique

JIA, C. JIANG, C. M. FU, B. Y. NI, C. S. WANG, M. H. PING

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 33-46 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0514-x

Abstract: In this paper, an uncertainty propagation analysis method is developed based on an extended sparse grid technique and maximum entropy principle, aiming at improving the solving accuracy of the high-order moments and hence the fitting accuracy of the probability density function (PDF) of the system response. The proposed method incorporates the extended Gauss integration into the uncertainty propagation analysis. Moreover, assisted by the Rosenblatt transformation, the various types of extended integration points are transformed into the extended Gauss-Hermite integration points, which makes the method suitable for any type of continuous distribution. Subsequently, within the sparse grid numerical integration framework, the statistical moments of the system response are obtained based on the transformed points. Furthermore, based on the maximum entropy principle, the obtained first four-order statistical moments are used to fit the PDF of the system response. Finally, three numerical examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which includes two mathematical problems with explicit expressions and an engineering application with a black-box model.

Keywords： uncertainty propagation analysis     extended sparse grid     maximum entropy principle     extended Gauss integration     Rosenblatt transformation     high-order moments analysis    

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Assessment of postcombustion carbon capture technologies for power generation

Mikel C. DUKE, Bradley LADEWIG, Simon SMART, Victor RUDOLPH, João C. Diniz da COSTA,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 184-195 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0234-1

Abstract: A significant proportion of power generation stems from coal-combustion processes and accordingly represents one of the largest point sources of CO emissions worldwide. Coal power plants are major assets with large infrastructure and engineering units and an operating life span of up to 50 years. Hence, any process design modification to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may require significant investment. One of the best options to utilize existing infrastructure is to retrofit the power station fleet by adding a separation process to the flue gas, a practice known as postcombustion capture (PCC). This review examines the recent PCC development and provides a summary and assessment of the state of play in this area and its potential applicability to the power generation industry. The major players including the various institutes, government, and industry consortia are identified along with flue gas PCC demonstration scale plants. Of the PCC technologies reviewed, amine-based absorption is preeminent, being both the most mature and able to be adapted immediately, to the appropriate scale, for power station flue gas with minimal technical risk. Indeed, current commercial applications serve niches in the merchant CO market, while a substantial number of smaller scale test facilities are reported in the literature with actual CO capture motivated demonstrations now commencing. Hybrid membrane/absorption systems, also known as membrane contactors, offer the potential for the lowest energy requirements, possibly 10% of current direct scrubbers but are at an early stage of development. Other methods being actively pursued as R&D projects include solid absorbents, solid adsorbents, gas membrane separators, and cryogenic separation. The variety and different maturities of these competing technologies make technical comparison largely subjective, but useful insights could be gained through the development and application of econometric techniques such as ‘real options’ within this context. Despite these limitations, it is clear from this review that amine scrubbing is likely to be adapted first into the existing power station fleet, while less mature technologies will grow and become integrated with the development of future power stations.
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New Editors-in-Chief’s Message

Jiming HAO,John C. CRITTENDEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0767-0

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NO<i>xi>

Junhua LI,Yue PENG,Huazhen CHANG,Xiang LI,John C. CRITTENDEN,Jiming HAO

Journal Article

Algae (

Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang

Journal Article

Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

,Arturo COLÍN C.,Víctor SÁNCHEZ-MENDIETA,Ricardo VALDIVIA B.,Alfredo SANTANA D.,José HUERTAS C.

Journal Article

High <i>Sni>-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review

Jun Jin, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo Wang, Casimir C. Akoh

Journal Article

Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Christine C. Nguyen, Cody N. Hugie, Molly L. Kile, Tala Navab-Daneshmand

Journal Article

Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

MURRAY,Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ,Enos C. INNISS,Frank G. HEALY,Adria A. BODOUR

Journal Article

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of <i>Sni>-2 Palmitate: A Review

Wei Wei, Cong Sun, Xiaosan Wang, Qingzhe Jin, Xuebing Xu, Casimir C. Akoh, Xingguo Wang

Journal Article

Atomistic simulations of plasma catalytic processes

Erik C. Neyts

Journal Article

A simple, azulene-based colorimetric probe for the detection of nitrite in water

Lloyd C. Murfin, Carlos M. López-Alled, Adam C. Sedgwick, Jannis Wenk, Tony D. James, Simon E. Lewis

Journal Article

Dual enzyme activated fluorescein based fluorescent probe

Gardiner, Adam C. Sedgwick, Xiao-Peng He, Steven D. Bull, Tony D. James

Journal Article

Comments on the special issue of

Neil C. TURNER

Journal Article

Special issue on “Fluorescent probes”

Adam C. Sedgwick, Tony D. James

Journal Article

Uncertainty propagation analysis by an extended sparse grid technique

JIA, C. JIANG, C. M. FU, B. Y. NI, C. S. WANG, M. H. PING

Journal Article

Assessment of postcombustion carbon capture technologies for power generation

Mikel C. DUKE, Bradley LADEWIG, Simon SMART, Victor RUDOLPH, João C. Diniz da COSTA,

Journal Article

New Editors-in-Chief’s Message

Jiming HAO,John C. CRITTENDEN

Journal Article